NAJNOVIJE

Zašto su čađjave glavice crnog luka sa belom ljuskom

Čađavost pokožice crnog  luka izaziva gljiva Colletotrichum circinans. Ovo je značajno oboljenje sorti luka sa belom ljuskom.

S obzirom na to da se u poslednje vreme sve više gaji luk srebrenjak, ova bolest postaje sve opasnija. Luk sa obojenom ljuskom je otporan, jer formira katehol i pirokatehalnu kiselinu koja deluje toksično na gljivu. Oboljenje se javlja na lukovicama pred vađenje, a gljiva nastavlja svoj razvoj u skladištu. Osetljivi su crni luk i praziluk, dok je beli luk otporan.

Glavice postaju flekave, smežuravaju se i prevremeno proklijaju. Bolest se podjednako javlja na arpadžiku i na glavicama merkantilno (jestivog)  luka. Oboleli arpadžik ne bi trebalo da se koristi za proizvodnju glavica, jer će se zaraza preneti na njih.

Na ljusci luka srebrenjaka prvo se  pojavljuju tamne, crnozelene ili crne pege. One su različite veličine, a ponekad mogu da zhvate i celu glavicu. Toplo i vlažno vreme u vegetaciji omogučuje razvoj gljivice koja može zaraziti lukovice i bez mehaničkih povreda. Optimalna temperatura za infekciju je 23-29 Celzijusovih stepeni.

U povoljnim uslovima gljiva može da završi ciklus za nekoliko dana. Posle pet do šest dana od ostvarene infekcije pojavljuju se simptomi na lukovicama, a potom se javlja nova generacija konidija koje služe za rasejavanje parazita i nove infekcije.

Zadovoljavajuće mere zaštite luka sa belom ljuskom ne postoje, Stoga je preventivna zaštita jedini i najbolji lek. Veoma je važno da se lukovice neposredno pre skladištenja dobro prosuše. U slučaju opasnosti od infekcije treba gajiti sorte koje imaju obojenu ljusku, jer su otporne na ovu bolest.

Valja uklanjati biljne ostatke, primenjivati plodored  i , naravno, sejati sertifikovano seme i arpadžik, a luk vaditi samo po suvom vremenu.

(Novosti)

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